Brezilya F-X2 İhalesinde Gripen Önde (mi?) - Gelişmeler

Gripen'ın Brezilya'daki şansının oldukça yüksek olduğuna dair yeni haberler geliyor. En son İtalyan Selex Galileo firması, F-X2 projesi için önerilen Gripen NG'de kullanılacak AESA radar sisteminin ortak geliştirilmesi için Brezilyalı ATMOS firması ile 5 Ocak'ta bir mutabakat muhtırası imzalamış.

Jane's Defence Industry'nin 06.01.2010 tarihli haberine göre Vixen 1000E/ES05 Raven adlı radarın geliştirilmesi için Brezilyalı ATMOS firmasına teknoloji transferi ve bazı parçaların üretimi verilecek. ATMOS ayrıca radarın üçüncü ülkelere satışında da pay sahibi olacak.

Selex teams with ATMOS to boost Gripen F-X2 bid

Date Posted:  06-Jan-2010

Jane's Defence Industry

Gareth Jennings Jane's Aviation Desk Editor

Selex Galileo has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Brazil's ATMOS Sistemas to collaborate in the development of its active electronically scanned array (AESA) radar for the Saab JAS 39 Gripen NG combat aircraft, it announced on 5 January.

The Vixen 1000E/ES05 Raven AESA radar, which is currently being wholly developed by Selex Sensors and Airborne Systems in Edinburgh, Scotland, is a major selling point for the Gripen's entry into Brazil's F-X2 fighter replacement competition, the result of which is due to announced later this year.

According to Selex, the MoU will include technology transfer, work share and co-operative development of the radar, all of which are key requirements in the F-X2 bid to equip the Brazilian Air Force (Força Aérea Brasileira - FAB) with 36 next-generation fighter aircraft (a total that could rise to as many as 120 aircraft, in Jane's view, by the completion of the programme).

As all the component parts of the Raven radar have already been cleared for export, technology export approval for the system should not be a problem.

With the radar being developed in Scotland, the Swedish Gripen NG bid already has the full backing of the UK government, and teaming with another Brazilian company (Saab has already secured an industrial partnership with Brazilian aerospace group Embraer) will boost its chances still further.

Tony Ogilvy, Vice-President, International Marketing for Gripen, told Jane's in November 2009 that the fact that neither Sweden nor the UK have any "real history" in Latin America will be seen as an advantage by the Brazilian government.

Through Embraer, Brazil would produce 40 per cent of each Gripen sold to the FAB and will have exclusive export rights to the rest of Latin America if the Swedish fighter won the F-X2 contest.

While Ogilvy feels that the Gripen is "most definitely" the aircraft of choice for the FAB, he concedes that, with Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva having already publicly stated his preference for the rival Dassault Rafale, the final choice may come down to political expediency rather than platform capability.

Dassault has not made public details of its bid and local teaming arrangements. However, the Brazilian president told Agence France Presse on 5 September 2009 that the French package of technology transfer options gave Rafale an "exceptional comparative advantage" in the tender.

The third competitor in the competition is Boeing with its F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Boeing has offered local assembly of the aircraft and will subcontract the manufacture of a number of subassemblies for the platform to Brazilian industry. In-country support by local industry for both the aircraft and engine are also included in the Boeing bid, with the company offering to integrate Brazil's current non-US missile inventory onto the aircraft.

Bu arada defence-aerospace sitesi, "Brezilya F-X2 İhalesinde Gripen Önde (mi?)" başlıklı yazımda bahsettiğim, Folha de Sao Paolo gazetesinin haberinin tam metnini, İngilizce'ye çevirerek yayınlamış. Haber metninin satır aralarında Brezilya Hava Kuvvetleri'nin söz konusu teknik değerlendirme raporuna ilişkin ayrıntılar var. Çeviri metnindeki koyu ile işaretlenmiş vurguları ben ekledim.

Brazilian Air Force Recommends Purchase of Gripen NG, the Least Expensive Finalist of the FX-2 Competition  

(Source: Folha de San Paolo; published Jan. 5, 2009)

(Issued in Portuguese only; unofficial translation by defense-aerospace.com)

SAO PAOLO, Brazil --- The French Dassault Rafale fighter was rated in third and last place in the technical report that the Brazilian Air Force Command submitted to Defense Minister Nelson Jobim on the project FX-2 fleet renewal program.

The Gripen NG, offered by Sweden’s Saab, ranked first in the evaluation, and the F-18 Super Hornet offered by US-based Boeing came second.

The result will constrains the government and further delay the final decision on the proposed purchase of 36 new combat aircraft, by opposing the pro-Swedish technical evaluation of the Air Force to the political and diplomatic preference given by President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva to the offer presented by the French.

The decision in favor of Rafale was even announced in a joint statement signed by Presidents Lula and Nicolas Sarkozy last September, but the Brazilian government soft-pedaled after the strong political backlash which emerged because the air force had not completed the technical evaluation of the competitors.

Now the government is at an impasse: either over-rules the air force, and buys the Rafale, or its risks French anger by following the air force’s recommendations and buying the Gripen NG. Formally, the President is free to choose any of the three.

According to Folha, the "executive summary" of the report of FAB with the final conclusions of more than 30,000 pages of data, pointed to the financial factor as decisive for tanking the Gripen NG in first place. Gripen NG is single-engined and is still in the design phase although based on the current Gripen, and it is the cheapest of the three final competitors.

The difference in price is as much on cost of the aircraft as on the cost of its maintenance. Saab says it offered the Gripen NG at half the price of the Rafale, or about US $ 70 million per unit. It also says that its cost per flight hour is one-fourth of the Rafale’s, which Dassault disputes: as the Rafale has two engines, it is admittedly more expensive to operate, but would also perform better.

The Brazilian air force, which would bear these costs during the 30-year life of the aircraft, considers this a priority issue.

The technology transfer issue also weighed on the air force’s recommendation. The Gripen NG is still in the development phase, and in theory this offers greater access to its technologies for future business partners, such as Embraer. Saab promised to locate final production in Brazil, but Dassault has also offered it for the Rafale. The problem, the air force said, is that the Rafale is a finished product, which would presumably allow only a lower rate of transfer of production know-how.

The report of the FAB did not consider as negative the fact that the Swedish aircraft is single-engined, as in modern aircraft that is seen as a minor problem in the incidence of accidents.

The Rafale had three major obstacles, according to the air force’s evaluation:

1) Its price is considered prohibitive, despite what French President Nicolas Sarkozy promised Lula.

2) The promised transfer of technology was considered lacking in ambition by Brazil. This is a "finished product", which would be difficult for Brazil to sell to other countries.

3) Embraer, consulted by the Air Force, said that if the Rafale was chosen it would have no interest in participating in the project because it would gain very little in terms of technology and business.

The evaluation report was prepared by COPAC (Coordinating Committee for the Combat Aircraft Program) and ratified by the High Command of the Air Force on December 18.

Jobim returned to Brasilia last night ready to meet with the Air Force commander, Brigadier Juniti Saito. Officially, to gain time, the government’s position is that the FAB has not handed in the document.

The minister already knew the outcome from a trip he took with Saito as China and Ukraine at the end of the year. The two used a layover in Paris to discuss the issue with the president of COPAC, Brigadier Dirceu Tondolo Noro, who, according to Folha, was called to meet them in the French capital at very short notice.

The Brazilian procurement is one of the major acquisition programs in the world, and may exceed 10 billion Brazilian reals.

In an interview with Folha in December, Jobim admitted that he had intervened to change the rules of the COAPC report, but without acknowledging that his intention was to prevent the air force from selecting an aircraft that would have displeased the Planalto (Brazil’s Presidential residence—Ed.)

Brezilya F-X2 İhalesinde Gripen Önde (mi?)

DefenseNews haberine göre Brezilya Hava Kuvvetleri'nin tercihi Gripen'dan yana. Haberin kaynağı Brezilyalı Folha de Sao Paolo gazetesinin ele geçirdiği ve Brezilya Hava Kuvvetleri tarafından hazırlanmış bir rapor.

Bu rapora göre Rafale, Brezilya HvK'nin ikinci tercihi bile değilmiş. Gripen'dan sonraki tercih F/A-18E/F Super Hornet olarak belirlenmiş.

Brezilya Devlet Başkanı de Silva bir süre önce Fransız Devlet Başkanı Sarkozy ile görüşmesinden sonra, Rafale için görüşmelere başlanacağı gafını yapmıştı. Devlet Başkanı'nın bu açıklamasından sonra Brezilya Savunma Bakanlığı, ihalenin henüz tamamlanmadığı, nihai kararın verilmediği şeklinde düzeltme yayınlamak zorunda kalmıştı.

Habere göre Gripen'ın en avantajlı olduğu alanlar düşük maliyeti ve önerilen geniş teknolojik katılım paketleri. Rafale'nin orta - uzun vadede ortak üretimde fazla  bir kâr marjı ihtimaline sahip olmaması, başka bir ifade ile uzun vadede üçüncü ülkelere ihrac şansının düşük olması, uçağın yüksek fiyat etiketi ile birlikte listenin sonunda yer almasına neden olmuş.

Brazilian Air Force Backs Gripen In Jet Debate

AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE

Published: 6 Jan 2010 06:55
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BRASILIA, Brazil - The Brazilian Air Force's first choice in the contest for a $7 billion contract for 36 high-tech fighter jets is the NG Gripen by Sweden's Saab, and not the government's pick, the French Rafale, Folha de Sao Paulo reported Jan. 5.

Citing an Air Force technical report, the newspaper said the French jet was not even the Air Force's second pick for the fighters. The runner-up was the F/A-18 Super Hornet by U.S. group Boeing.

The Rafale, an multirole fighter made by Dassault, had been seen as leading the pack since President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and French President Nicolas Sarkozy announced jointly in September that Brazil was negotiating to buy the delta-winged aircraft.

If that intent to purchase is confirmed, it would be the first export sale of the Rafale, possibly making it more attractive to other potential buyers Switzerland and India.

But Saab and Boeing are fighting fiercely to land the Brazilian contract, reportedly slashing prices to do so.

Lula's government has said the deal is not yet done with Dassault. It is waiting for an Air Force evaluation of the three contenders to be completed. Still, Lula has stressed that the final decision is his, and will be based on political and strategic considerations.

The priority for Brazil is to acquire technology through the purchase so it can end up with the capability to build its own 21st-century fighters.

Folha said the Air Force preferred the Swedish model because it was less costly and potentially had better commercial possibilities. And profit margins on future local production of the French jet were theoretically less interesting to local aviation giant Embraer, the Folha report added.
http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=4443339&c=AME&s=AIR

Brezilya'nın F-X2 Projesi

DefPro'nun aşağıdaki haberine göre Boeing (F/A-18E/F), Dassault (Rafale) ve Saab (Gripen NG), 36 adet yeni nesil savaş uçağı tedariği kapsayan F-X2 projesi kapsamındaki tekliflerini 2 Şubat itibariyle Brezilya Hava Kuvvetleri (FAB) ve Savunma Bakanlığı müşterek komisyonuna sunmuşlar. FAB komutanı TümGeneral Juaniti Saito, seçimin Haziran - Temmuz civarında yapılacağını ve sözleşmenin Ekim ayında imzalanacağını beyan etmiş.

Ancak 5 Şubat'ta Savunma Bakanı Nelson Jobim, sürpriz bir beyanatta bulunmuş: Kendisini ziyart eden Rus Rosoboronesport şirketi yetkililerinin, Su-35 uçağı ile ihale kapsamında değerlendirmeye alınmak istediklerini söylediğini, kendisinin de bunun kesinlikle mümkün olduğu şeklinde cevap verdiğini söylemiş. Bakan, aynı durumun Eurofighter için de geçerli olduğunu eklemiş. Üstelik teknik değerlendirmenin Temmuz - Ağustos gibi biteceğini ve kararın daha sonra verileceğini eklemiş.

Haberde, bu durumda Lockheed Martin'in de kesinlikle tekrar yarışa dahil olmak için ısrar edeceği yorumu yapılmış.

Su-35 and Eurofighter back in Brazil

08:42 GMT, March 6, 2009 On 2 February, the three final contenders in the Brazilian Air Force's F-X2 competition for the procurement of 36 new-generation combat aircraft - Boeing with the F/A-18E/F, Dassault with the Rafale and Gripen International with the Gripen NG - submitted their detailed technical, financial and industrial proposals to the Air Force/Ministry of Defence joint commission that is formally in charge of the programme. The Commander of the Brazilian Air Force (FAB), Lt.Gen. Juaniti Saito is on record having stated that the winning design will be selected by June or July at the latest, with contract signature then expected by around October.

But on 5 February, the Defence Minister Nelson Jobim made a totally surprising statement during his official radio programme, 'Bom Dia, Ministro'. The Minister said: “Yesterday [4 February] I received at the Ministry a visit by a delegation of the Russian organisation Rosoboronexport, which represents Sukhoi company which offered to bring their Su-35 aircraft to Brazil for a new examination by the FAB. I said that it was certainly possible for them to bring their aircraft here, and that the FAB would evaluate it. The same will apply to the Italians who are offering the Eurofighter. That is, by July/August we will have the results of the technical options currently being assessed by the FAB, and we will then take a political decision."

On the face of it, the statement by the Minister would seem to indicate a political intervention to effectively overturn the results of the first selection by the joint commission, which did eliminate the Su-35, the Eurofighter and the F-16 and force the FAB into re-evaluating all proposals again (if Rosoboronexport and Alenia are actually allowed to re-enter the competition, Lockheed Martin would most certainly demand the same).

At the time of this writing, the official position of the Command of the FAB is that they have not been informed of any change in the programme structure and time schedule.

Apart from the perplexing implications of the Defence Minister's apparent move to interfere with an ongoing technical and financial evaluation process, any delay in the F-X2 programme risks to wreck the entire process. The FAB absolutely needs to arrive at a binding decision within the next few months, both because the impact of the global economic crisis is already being felt (Treasury has demanded for 50% of the investment portion of this year's defence budget to be freezed), and because 2010 being a presidential election year any major procurement decision will have to be postponed until a new administration takes office.

It is sobering to remember in this regard that the programme is called F-X2 because a previous F-X programme collapsed in 2005 under very similar circumstances.

http://www.defpro.com/daily/details/262/

Fas'a Rafale? - Dassault'tan Yalanlama

Dassault firması, Fas'a 12 - 18 Rafale savaş uçağı satışı ile ilgili haberlerin "dayanaksız" olduğu yönünde bir açıklama yaptı:



Le Maroc pourrait être le premier client export de l'avion de combat Rafale, selon "La Tribune"

Le Maroc pourrait devenir le premier client export du Rafale, l'avion de combat de Dassault Aviation, affirme "La Tribune" dans son édition de mercredi. Le groupe a qualifié cette information de "sans fondement".

Selon le quotidien économique qui cite des "sources industrielles concordantes", le royaume chérifien pourrait équiper son armée de l'air de 12 à 18 Rafale, soit un gros escadron, afin, ajoute "La Tribune", de renforcer sa flotte aérienne notamment vis-à-vis de l'Algérie qui vient de s'offrir plus de 60 avions de combat russes de dernière génération 28 Sukhoi-30 et 40 Mig-29.

Le contrat serait négocié de gré à gré entre le Maroc et Dassault Aviation, précise "La Tribune" avant de noter que cette première commande aurait le mérite de lancer enfin le Rafale à l'export après ses échecs successifs aux Pays-Bas, en Corée du Sud et à Singapour.

En mars dernier, lors de sa quatrième visite en Arabie saoudite, le président français Jacques Chirac n'était pas non plus parvenu à faire aboutir deux contrats clés liés à la défense et à la sécurité dont la vente de Rafale. AP

La Tribune

Fas'a Rafale?

Reuters kaynaklı habere göre Fas'ın, Fransa'da 12 - 18 Rafale savaş uçağı tedariği gündemde. Alımın Suudi Arabistan tarafından finanse edileceği bildirilmiş. Haberde alımı tetikleyen etken olarak Cezayir'in Rusya'dan 60 adet MiG-29SMT savaş uçağı alması gösterilmiş.

Fransız hava ve deniz kuvvetleri için geliştirilen Rafale'nin henüz bir ihrac başarısı bulunmuyor. Favori olduğu Güney Kore ihalesinde F-15K Slam Eagle, Singapur ihalesinde de F-15T karşısında yenilgiye uğramıştı. Uzun süredir konuşulan Suudi Arabistan ilgisi söylentisi de, bu ülkenin İngiltere ile Eurofighter Typhoon anlaşması imzalaması nedeniyle ortadan kalktı.

Dassault may sell Rafale jets to Morocco – report

PARIS (Reuters) - Morocco could buy between 12 and 18 Rafale combat jets from Dassault Aviation in a deal that could be funded by Saudi Arabia, French daily La Tribune reports in a story due to appear in its Wednesday edition.

A copy of the story was circulated to media organizations on Tuesday.

Dassault Aviation could not be immediately reached for comment.

Citing industrial sources, La Tribune said Morocco was eager to beef up its air defense after Algeria bought over 60 Russian combat jets.

If a deal were sealed, Morocco would become the first export customer of the Rafale, which has lost to rivals in tenders in the Netherlands, South Korea and Singapore, the paper said.

http://today.reuters.fr...

Uçak Gemisinde İngiliz - Fransız İşbirliği

Geçtiğimiz günlerde basına yansıyan bir haber oldukça ilgi çekici, özellikle Avrupa savunma sanayiine muhtemel etkileri sebebiyle.

Fransa ve İngiltere savunma bakanları, ortak uçak gemisi geliştirme çalışmaları ile ilgili mutabakat muhtırası (MoU) imzaladılar. Anlaşma 2 adet İngiltere için, bir adet de Fransa için olmak üzere toplam üç uçak gemisinin üretilmesini kapsıyor ve habere göre yaklaşık 3 milyar £ tutarında.

Bilindiği üzere İngiltere 1970'lerde stratejik bir karar alarak konvansiyonel uçak gemilerini hizmetten çekip yerine Invincible sınıfı daha küçük VSTOL uçak taşıyan gemiler üretme kararı almıştı. Bu karar büyük tartışmalar yaratmış ve Falkland Savaşı da bu tartışmalara farklı bir ivme vermişti. Eurofighter EF-2000 savaş uçağının tasarım aşamasında İngiltere'nin gelecekteki ihtiyacı için bir uçak gemisi versiyonu da düşünülmüştü.

CVF ve JSF F-35 projeleri kapsamında halen İngiltere'de konvansiyonel uçak gemilerine dönüş tartışmaları da gündemde. Fransa'nın bu konuda daha rahat olduğu söylenebilir, zira bu ülkenin yeni nesil savaş uçağı olan Dassault Rafale'nin hem hava kuvvetleri (Rafale C/B) hem de deniz kuvvetleri (Rafale M; uçak gemisine iniş yapabilen) versiyonu mevcut ve kullanımda.

Fransa'nın başlangıçta Eurofighter konsorsiyumu üyesi olup daha sonra Rafale'yi geliştirme amacıyla ayrılmış olması ilginç bir not.

FREMM ve Horizon gibi projelerden sonra uçak gemisinde İngiliz - Fransız ortaklığı ilgiyle takip edilmeyi hak ediyor gibi...

£3bn Anglo-French aircraft carriers deal is sealed

Evening Standard

7 March 2006


DEFENCE Secretary John Reid has formally signed an agreement with his French counterpart to deliver near-identical aircraft carriers to the navies of each country.

He inked a memorandum of understanding with France's Michele Alliot-Marie in Innsbruck, Austria, last night to jointly develop and construct the three carriers, two for the Royal Navy and one for France.

France is to pay £100 million towards the cost of preliminary carrier design work already done by Britain's BAE Systems and its partners.

The first Royal Navy carrier is scheduled for delivery in 2012, and the French ship in 2014. The British carriers will operate Joint Strike Fighter aircraft now under development with British collaboration in the US, while the French ship will operate the Rafale combat plane and unmanned combat drones.

Britain has committed around £450 million to the 65,000 tonne vessel's design and demonstration and will make a final decision on building next year. Total cost of the project is likely to be about £3 billion.

The agreement comes despite Britain's withdrawal from a previous programme, Horizon, to jointly design and build a new generation of anti-aircraft frigates for Britain, France and Italy.

http://www.thisismoney.co.uk/news/article.html?in_article_id=407449&in_page_id=2

Britain and France Build Robocarrier

March 9, 2006: Britain and France finally signed the deal to build three new aircraft carriers. This followed several years of negotiations. What's surprising about all this is not the large size of the carriers (about 58,000 tons, the largest ships ever for both navies), or the unique cooperation (two of the carriers are British, one is French, and both nations will cooperate on design and construction, with the Brits taking the lead.) No, what is amazing about all this is the aggressive plans for automation. These "Queen Elizabeth" class carriers are planning on having a ships crew of 800 (or less) and an air wing complement of 600 personnel. Currently, you need a ship crew of about 2,000 for a carrier that size. The reduction in size of the air wing personnel is even more aggressive.

These carriers are going to cost about $4 billion each, and are to be in use for half a century (including several refits and refurbs). But the biggest cost will be personnel. Currently, it costs the U.S. Navy a bit over $100,000 per sailor per year. Do the math ($7 billion in crew costs over the life of each carrier.) So the smaller the crew, the greater the savings, and the more you can spend on upgrading the ship, buying new aircraft and the like.

The carriers will haul 34-45 aircraft and helicopters and be able to handle about 110 flight operations every 24 hours. That's with current aircraft. The F-35B will be the primary warplane on the British carriers. But it's also likely that many, or all, of the next generation of aircraft on these ships will be robotic. But first, the ship has to be equipped with an unprecedented degree of automation. While 250,000 ton oil tankers can operate with a crew of under 40, all those large vessels do is move their cargo from place to place. An aircraft carrier must fight, and find the enemy, and do a lot of other stuff. The new class of 100,000 ton American CVN-21 carriers are trying to get their ship crew down from 4,000 to 2,500.

Warships have a lot of unique functions, like damage control, and manning many systems for high alert, and combat, situations. Some crew reduction ideas are pretty obvious, like installing conveyers to help move supplies when ships are replenished at sea, or even when in port. Many maintenance tasks can be eliminated by using materials that require less effort to keep clean, and are just as safe as those used in the past. It's also been noted that many maintenance tasks can be left for civilians to do when the ship is in port. Most navies has also not kept up on automation. There is still a tendency to have sailors "standing watch" to oversee equipment that, with the addition of some sensors, can be monitored from a central location. If there is a problem, a repair team can be sent. But in the meantime, thousands of man hours a week are saved, and another few dozen sailors are not needed. Another angle is removing a lot of administrative jobs from the ship altogether. All warships are connected, via satellite, to military networks. So many sailors can stay ashore, and do their work without ever going near the ship. Some sailors have long noted that their administrative jobs aboard a carrier rarely brought them in touch with the people they were serving. Carriers have phones and email. Why use it aboard ship when you can use it from some (much cheaper) shore location? Moreover, many of these admin jobs can be done, more cheaply, by civilians.

But the new British/French carriers aim to take warship automation into uncharted territory. This should be interesting, and it is certainly bold and daring. All three carriers are expected to be in service by the middle of the next decade. Just in time for the centennial of the First World War. Hmmm, that's ominous.

http://www.strategypage.com/htmw/htnavai/articles/20060309.aspx